Integrand size = 17, antiderivative size = 35 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=-\frac {2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c \sin (x)}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=-\frac {2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c \sin (x)}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.235, Rules used = {3042, 3739, 1083, 219}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin (x)^2}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3739 |
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)}d\sin (x)\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 1083 |
| \(\displaystyle -2 \int \frac {1}{b^2-(b+2 c \sin (x))^2-4 a c}d(b+2 c \sin (x))\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
| \(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c \sin (x)}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\) |
3.1.11.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2 Subst[I nt[1/Simp[b^2 - 4*a*c - x^2, x], x], x, b + 2*c*x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[cos[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]^(m_.)*((a_.) + (b_.)*((f_.)*sin[(d_.) + (e_.)*( x_)])^(n_.) + (c_.)*((f_.)*sin[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)])^(n2_.))^(p_.), x_Symbol ] :> Module[{g = FreeFactors[Sin[d + e*x], x]}, Simp[g/e Subst[Int[(1 - g ^2*x^2)^((m - 1)/2)*(a + b*(f*g*x)^n + c*(f*g*x)^(2*n))^p, x], x, Sin[d + e *x]/g], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, n, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && Intege rQ[(m - 1)/2]
Time = 0.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 36, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.03
| method | result | size |
| derivativedivides | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {b +2 \sin \left (x \right ) c}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\) | \(36\) |
| default | \(\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {b +2 \sin \left (x \right ) c}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\) | \(36\) |
| risch | \(-\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+\frac {i \left (b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-4 a c +b^{2}\right ) {\mathrm e}^{i x}}{c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}-1\right )}{\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}+\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+\frac {i \left (b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+4 a c -b^{2}\right ) {\mathrm e}^{i x}}{c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}-1\right )}{\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}\) | \(125\) |
Time = 0.35 (sec) , antiderivative size = 139, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.97 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=\left [\frac {\log \left (-\frac {2 \, c^{2} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 2 \, b c \sin \left (x\right ) - b^{2} + 2 \, a c - 2 \, c^{2} + \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} {\left (2 \, c \sin \left (x\right ) + b\right )}}{c \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - b \sin \left (x\right ) - a - c}\right )}{\sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}, -\frac {2 \, \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} {\left (2 \, c \sin \left (x\right ) + b\right )}}{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}\right )}{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}\right ] \]
[log(-(2*c^2*cos(x)^2 - 2*b*c*sin(x) - b^2 + 2*a*c - 2*c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4* a*c)*(2*c*sin(x) + b))/(c*cos(x)^2 - b*sin(x) - a - c))/sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c), -2*sqrt(-b^2 + 4*a*c)*arctan(-sqrt(-b^2 + 4*a*c)*(2*c*sin(x) + b)/(b^2 - 4*a*c))/(b^2 - 4*a*c)]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 99 vs. \(2 (36) = 72\).
Time = 1.49 (sec) , antiderivative size = 99, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.83 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=\begin {cases} \frac {\log {\left (\frac {a}{b} + \sin {\left (x \right )} \right )}}{b} & \text {for}\: c = 0 \\- \frac {2}{b + 2 c \sin {\left (x \right )}} & \text {for}\: a = \frac {b^{2}}{4 c} \\\frac {\log {\left (\frac {b}{2 c} + \sin {\left (x \right )} - \frac {\sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{2 c} \right )}}{\sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}} - \frac {\log {\left (\frac {b}{2 c} + \sin {\left (x \right )} + \frac {\sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}}{2 c} \right )}}{\sqrt {- 4 a c + b^{2}}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases} \]
Piecewise((log(a/b + sin(x))/b, Eq(c, 0)), (-2/(b + 2*c*sin(x)), Eq(a, b** 2/(4*c))), (log(b/(2*c) + sin(x) - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)/(2*c))/sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2) - log(b/(2*c) + sin(x) + sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)/(2*c))/sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2), True))
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
Exception raised: ValueError >> Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(4*a*c-b^2>0)', see `assume?` for more deta
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 35, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=\frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, c \sin \left (x\right ) + b}{\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}} \]
Time = 15.68 (sec) , antiderivative size = 47, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.34 \[ \int \frac {\cos (x)}{a+b \sin (x)+c \sin ^2(x)} \, dx=\frac {2\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b}{\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}+\frac {2\,c\,\sin \left (x\right )}{\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {4\,a\,c-b^2}} \]